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Quiz based on Digital Principles and Computer Organization

1) Base of hexadecimal number system? Answer : 16 2) Universal gate in digital logic? Answer : NAND 3) Memory type that is non-volatile? Answer : ROM 4) Basic building block of digital circuits? Answer : Gate 5) Device used for data storage in sequential circuits? Answer : Flip-flop 6) Architecture with shared memory for instructions and data? Answer : von Neumann 7) The smallest unit of data in computing? Answer : Bit 8) Unit that performs arithmetic operations in a CPU? Answer : ALU 9) Memory faster than main memory but smaller in size? Answer : Cache 10) System cycle that includes fetch, decode, and execute? Answer : Instruction 11) Type of circuit where output depends on present input only? Answer : Combinational 12) The binary equivalent of decimal 10? Answer : 1010 13) Memory used for high-speed temporary storage in a CPU? Answer : Register 14) Method of representing negative numbers in binary? Answer : Two's complement 15) Gate that inverts its input signal? Answer : NOT 16)

File system Mounting

File-System Mounting
* The simple idea behind mounting file systems is to combine multiple file systems into one large tree structure.
* The mount command is given a file system to mount and a mount point (directory ) on which to insert it.
* Once a file system is mounted onto a mount point, any further references to that directory actually mention to the root of the mounted file system.
* Any files ( or sub-directories ) that had been saved in the mount point directory prior to mounting the new file system are now hidden by the mounted file system, and are no longer available. For this reason some systems only permits mounting onto empty directories.
* File systems can only be mounted by root, unless root has previously configured certain file systems to be mountable onto certain pre-determined mount points. (E.g. root may permits users to mount floppy file systems to /mnt or something like it. ) Anyone can run the mount command to see what file systems are currently mounted.
* File systems may be mounted read-only, or have other restrictions inflict.
.              Fig: Mount point
* The traditional Windows OS runs an expanded two-tier directory structure, where the first tier of the structure separates volumes by drive letters, and a tree structure is implemented below that level.
* Macintosh runs a equal system, where each new volume that is found is automatically mounted and added to the desktop when it is found.
* More recent Windows systems permits file systems to be mounted to any directory in the file system, much like UNIX.

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