Smart Grids and Energy Storage Systems: Powering the Future of Energy In today’s rapidly evolving energy landscape, the push towards sustainability, efficiency, and reliability is stronger than ever. Traditional power grids, though robust in their time, are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of a modern, digital, and environmentally conscious society. This is where smart grids and energy storage systems (ESS) come into play — revolutionizing how electricity is generated, distributed, and consumed. What is a Smart Grid? A smart grid is an advanced electrical network that uses digital communication, automation, and real-time monitoring to optimize the production, delivery, and consumption of electricity. Unlike conventional grids, which operate in a one-way flow (from generation to end-user), smart grids enable a two-way flow of information and energy. Key Features of Smart Grids: Real-time monitoring of power usage and quality. Automated fault detection and rapid restoration. Int...
What are the ways to initialize a final variable ?
We must initialize a final variable, otherwise compiler will throw compile time error. A final variable can only be initialize once, either via an initializer or an assignment statement. There are three ways to initialize a final variable,
1) You can initialize a final variable when it is declared. This approach is most common. A final variable is called blank final variable, if it is not initialized while declaration. Below are the two ways to initialize a blank final variable.
2) A blank final variable can be initialized inside constructor. If you have more than one constructor in your class then it must be initialized in all of them, otherwise compile time error will be thrown.
3) A blank final static variable can be initialized inside static block.
What is the difference between transient and volatile variable in Java ?
Transient:
In Java, it is used to specify the variable is not being serialized. Serialization is the process of saving an object's state in Java. When we want to persist the object's state by default, all instance variables in the object are stored. In some cases, if we want to avoid persisting few variables, declare those variables as transient. If the variable is confirmed as transient, then it will not be persisted. Transient keyword is used with that instance variable which will not participate in the serialization process.
Volatile :
Volatile modifier tells the compiler that the variable modified by volatile can be changed expectedly by other parts of the program, so writes to the field should always be synchronously flushed to memory, and that reads of the field should always read from memory. Any threads using that variable are not allowed to cache that value at all. This means that fields marked as volatile can be safely acrossed and updated in a multithread application without using native or standard library-based synchronization.