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Quiz based on Digital Principles and Computer Organization

1) Base of hexadecimal number system? Answer : 16 2) Universal gate in digital logic? Answer : NAND 3) Memory type that is non-volatile? Answer : ROM 4) Basic building block of digital circuits? Answer : Gate 5) Device used for data storage in sequential circuits? Answer : Flip-flop 6) Architecture with shared memory for instructions and data? Answer : von Neumann 7) The smallest unit of data in computing? Answer : Bit 8) Unit that performs arithmetic operations in a CPU? Answer : ALU 9) Memory faster than main memory but smaller in size? Answer : Cache 10) System cycle that includes fetch, decode, and execute? Answer : Instruction 11) Type of circuit where output depends on present input only? Answer : Combinational 12) The binary equivalent of decimal 10? Answer : 1010 13) Memory used for high-speed temporary storage in a CPU? Answer : Register 14) Method of representing negative numbers in binary? Answer : Two's complement 15) Gate that inverts its input signal? Answer : NOT 16)

Operations on data structures

OPERATIONS ON DATA STRUCTURES
This section discusses the different operations that can be execute on the different data structures before mentioned.
Traversing It means to process each data item exactly once so that it can be processed. For example, to print the names of all the employees in a office.
Searching It is used to detect the location of one or more data items that satisfy the given constraint. Such a data item may or may not be present in the given group of data items. For example, to find the names of all the students who secured 100 marks in mathematics.
Inserting It is used to add new data items to the given list of data items. For example, to add the details of a new student who has lately joined the course.
Deleting It means to delete a particular data item from the given collection of data items. For example, to delete the name of a employee who has left the office.
Sorting Data items can be ordered in some order like ascending order or descending order depending on the type of application. For example, arranging the names of students in a class in an alphabetical order, or calculating the top three winners by arranging the participants’ scores in descending order and then extracting the top three.
Merging Lists of two sorted data items can be joined to form a single list of sorted data items.
Many a time, two or more operations are applied at the same time in a given situation. For example, if we want to delete the details of a student whose name is X, then we first have to search the list of students to find whether the record of X exists or not and if it exists then at which location, so that the details can be deleted from that particular location.

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