Smart Grids and Energy Storage Systems: Powering the Future of Energy In today’s rapidly evolving energy landscape, the push towards sustainability, efficiency, and reliability is stronger than ever. Traditional power grids, though robust in their time, are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of a modern, digital, and environmentally conscious society. This is where smart grids and energy storage systems (ESS) come into play — revolutionizing how electricity is generated, distributed, and consumed. What is a Smart Grid? A smart grid is an advanced electrical network that uses digital communication, automation, and real-time monitoring to optimize the production, delivery, and consumption of electricity. Unlike conventional grids, which operate in a one-way flow (from generation to end-user), smart grids enable a two-way flow of information and energy. Key Features of Smart Grids: Real-time monitoring of power usage and quality. Automated fault detection and rapid restoration. Int...
1) Base of hexadecimal number system?
Answer : 16
2) Universal gate in digital logic?
Answer : NAND
3) Memory type that is non-volatile?
Answer : ROM
4) Basic building block of digital circuits?
Answer : Gate
5) Device used for data storage in sequential circuits?
Answer : Flip-flop
6) Architecture with shared memory for instructions and data?
Answer : von Neumann
7) The smallest unit of data in computing?
Answer : Bit
8) Unit that performs arithmetic operations in a CPU?
Answer : ALU
9) Memory faster than main memory but smaller in size?
Answer : Cache
10) System cycle that includes fetch, decode, and execute?
Answer : Instruction
11) Type of circuit where output depends on present input only?
Answer : Combinational
12) The binary equivalent of decimal 10?
Answer : 1010
13) Memory used for high-speed temporary storage in a CPU?
Answer : Register
14) Method of representing negative numbers in binary?
Answer : Two's complement
15) Gate that inverts its input signal?
Answer : NOT
16) Mode of addressing where the operand itself is the data?
Answer : Immediate
17) Component responsible for coordinating all CPU activities?
Answer : Control
18) A storage element used for synchronization in sequential circuits?
Answer : Latch
19) Process of converting high-level language code to machine code?
Answer : Compilation
20) The default base of the decimal number system?
Answer : 10
21) Type of memory directly accessed by the CPU?
Answer : RAM
22) Hardware component used to connect multiple devices on a computer?
Answer : Bus
23) The smallest addressable unit of memory?
Answer : Byte
24) Cycle that includes reading data from memory and executing instructions?
Answer : Fetch
25) Technique used to increase the number of CPU cores working simultaneously?
Answer : Multithreading
26) Binary logic level representing 'off' or low voltage?
Answer : Zero
27) The part of the CPU responsible for executing instructions?
Answer : Processor
28) Basic operation of shifting bits left or right?
Answer : Shifting
29) Type of read-only memory that can be erased and reprogrammed?
Answer : EPROM
30) Mathematical function used in digital circuits to add numbers?
Answer : Adder
31) Type of flip-flop that toggles its state on each clock pulse?
Answer : T
32) Number system with base-8?
Answer : Octal
33) The default state of a bit representing 'on' or high voltage?
Answer : One
34) Memory type that loses data when the power is off?
Answer : Volatile
35) Gate that outputs true if at least one input is true?
Answer : OR
36) Component that decodes machine language instructions for execution?
Answer : Decoder
37) The temporary memory used for storing frequently accessed data?
Answer : Cache
38) The binary number system uses these two digits?
Answer : 0, 1
39) The process of checking and correcting errors in memory or data transmission?
Answer : Parity
40) Type of circuit that stores state information using feedback?
Answer : Sequential
41) Basic unit of a digital circuit used to perform logic operations?
Answer: Gate
42) Circuit component used to synchronize operations in digital systems?
Answer: Clock
43) A group of eight bits is called a?
Answer : Byte
44) Circuit used to compare two binary numbers for equality?
Answer : Comparator
45) Technique used for accessing memory locations sequentially?
Answer : Looping
46) Signal that resets a digital circuit to its initial state?
Answer : Reset
47) Register used to keep track of the next instruction address?
Answer : Program
48) Type of error that occurs due to incorrect data transmission?
Answer : Parity
49) The process of performing a logical AND, OR, or XOR operation?
Answer : Bitwise
50) A logic gate that outputs true only if all inputs are true?
Answer : AND
51) Memory type that is used to store the BIOS in a computer?
Answer : ROM
52) Component responsible for performing addition and subtraction in the CPU?
Answer : ALU
53) Number system commonly used in digital circuits besides binary and hexadecimal?
Answer : Octal
54) Device used to multiplex multiple data sources onto a single line?
Answer : Multiplexer
55) Type of storage device that uses flash memory?
Answer : SSD
56) Operation that shifts bits to the right, filling in zeros from the left?
Answer : Shift
57) The high-speed memory between the CPU and main memory?
Answer : Cache
58) Primary circuit used to control access to memory and I/O devices?
Answer : Bus
59) Basic unit of data transmission in serial communication?
Answer : Bit
60) Component that temporarily stores data being transferred to/from the CPU?
Answer : Buffer
61) Logical operation where output is true if inputs are different?
Answer : XOR
62) Type of memory that provides the fastest data access?
Answer : Register
63) Method used to represent signed numbers in binary?
Answer : Two's complement
64) The type of circuit that retains its output after the input changes?
Answer : Latch
65) Device used to convert digital signals to analog signals?
Answer : DAC
66) Hardware used to divide the clock frequency in digital circuits?
Answer : Divider
67) Term used to describe the smallest unit of a digital image?
Answer : Pixel
68) Gate that outputs true if none of its inputs are true?
Answer : NOR
69) Memory technique that speeds up CPU performance using prediction?
Answer : Caching
70) Process of loading instructions and data into memory for execution?
Answer : Loading
71) Type of circuit used for adding binary numbers?
Answer : Adder
72) Hardware used for error detection and correction in memory?
Answer : ECC
73) The binary representation for the decimal number 15?
Answer: 1111
74) Component used for counting pulses in digital systems?
Answer : Counter
75) Term for storing multiple data elements in a linear arrangement?
Answer : Array
76) Device used to demultiplex a single input into multiple outputs?
Answer : Demux
77) A memory location that temporarily holds a value for the CPU?
Answer : Register
78) Circuit used to detect a specific combination of binary inputs?
Answer : Decoder
79) Logical circuit used for shifting data in registers?
Answer : Shifter
80) Memory location used to hold the address of the next instruction?
Answer : PC
81) The clock signal in digital circuits is typically a square ____?
Answer : Wave
82) Component used to perform subtraction operations in the ALU?
Answer : Subtractor
83) Memory type used to store frequently accessed data close to the CPU?
Answer : Cache
84) Operation that combines multiple binary numbers using logical OR?
Answer : Bitwise
85) The base of the binary number system?
Answer : 2
86) Circuit that performs addition with carry in binary numbers?
Answer : Full-adder
87) Primary storage device that stores data magnetically?
Answer : HDD
88) Hardware used to implement parallel to serial data conversion?
Answer : Serializer
89) The smallest unit of information in computing?
Answer : Bit
90) Technique used to compress the size of data for transmission?
Answer : Encoding
91) Circuit that generates an output when inputs are all zero?
Answer : NAND
92) Component that generates a sequence of addresses for memory access?
Answer : Sequencer
93) Type of storage that retains data after the power is off?
Answer : Non-volatile
94) Gate used to invert a binary input signal?
Answer : NOT
95) The number of transistors in a logic gate typically determines its?
Answer : Speed
96) Component that temporarily stores an instruction during execution?
Answer : Register
97) Logical operation that outputs true only if all inputs are false?
Answer : NOR
98) What is the primary purpose of a flip-flop in digital circuits?
Answer : Data storage
99) Which type of memory is non-volatile?
Answer : ROM (Read Only Memory)
100) Which addressing mode uses the operand to directly specify the address of the data?
Answer : Direct Addressing Mode