1) What is the first step in problem-solving? A) Writing code B) Debugging C) Understanding the problem D) Optimizing the solution Answer: C 2) Which of these is not a step in the problem-solving process? A) Algorithm development B) Problem analysis C) Random guessing D) Testing and debugging Answer: C 3) What is an algorithm? A) A high-level programming language B) A step-by-step procedure to solve a problem C) A flowchart D) A data structure Answer: B 4) Which of these is the simplest data structure for representing a sequence of elements? A) Dictionary B) List C) Set D) Tuple Answer: B 5) What does a flowchart represent? A) Errors in a program B) A graphical representation of an algorithm C) The final solution to a problem D) A set of Python modules Answer: B 6) What is pseudocode? A) Code written in Python B) Fake code written for fun C) An informal high-level description of an algorithm D) A tool for testing code Answer: C 7) Which of the following tools is NOT commonly used in pr...
1) Base of hexadecimal number system?
Answer : 16
2) Universal gate in digital logic?
Answer : NAND
3) Memory type that is non-volatile?
Answer : ROM
4) Basic building block of digital circuits?
Answer : Gate
5) Device used for data storage in sequential circuits?
Answer : Flip-flop
6) Architecture with shared memory for instructions and data?
Answer : von Neumann
7) The smallest unit of data in computing?
Answer : Bit
8) Unit that performs arithmetic operations in a CPU?
Answer : ALU
9) Memory faster than main memory but smaller in size?
Answer : Cache
10) System cycle that includes fetch, decode, and execute?
Answer : Instruction
11) Type of circuit where output depends on present input only?
Answer : Combinational
12) The binary equivalent of decimal 10?
Answer : 1010
13) Memory used for high-speed temporary storage in a CPU?
Answer : Register
14) Method of representing negative numbers in binary?
Answer : Two's complement
15) Gate that inverts its input signal?
Answer : NOT
16) Mode of addressing where the operand itself is the data?
Answer : Immediate
17) Component responsible for coordinating all CPU activities?
Answer : Control
18) A storage element used for synchronization in sequential circuits?
Answer : Latch
19) Process of converting high-level language code to machine code?
Answer : Compilation
20) The default base of the decimal number system?
Answer : 10
21) Type of memory directly accessed by the CPU?
Answer : RAM
22) Hardware component used to connect multiple devices on a computer?
Answer : Bus
23) The smallest addressable unit of memory?
Answer : Byte
24) Cycle that includes reading data from memory and executing instructions?
Answer : Fetch
25) Technique used to increase the number of CPU cores working simultaneously?
Answer : Multithreading
26) Binary logic level representing 'off' or low voltage?
Answer : Zero
27) The part of the CPU responsible for executing instructions?
Answer : Processor
28) Basic operation of shifting bits left or right?
Answer : Shifting
29) Type of read-only memory that can be erased and reprogrammed?
Answer : EPROM
30) Mathematical function used in digital circuits to add numbers?
Answer : Adder
31) Type of flip-flop that toggles its state on each clock pulse?
Answer : T
32) Number system with base-8?
Answer : Octal
33) The default state of a bit representing 'on' or high voltage?
Answer : One
34) Memory type that loses data when the power is off?
Answer : Volatile
35) Gate that outputs true if at least one input is true?
Answer : OR
36) Component that decodes machine language instructions for execution?
Answer : Decoder
37) The temporary memory used for storing frequently accessed data?
Answer : Cache
38) The binary number system uses these two digits?
Answer : 0, 1
39) The process of checking and correcting errors in memory or data transmission?
Answer : Parity
40) Type of circuit that stores state information using feedback?
Answer : Sequential
41) Basic unit of a digital circuit used to perform logic operations?
Answer: Gate
42) Circuit component used to synchronize operations in digital systems?
Answer: Clock
43) A group of eight bits is called a?
Answer : Byte
44) Circuit used to compare two binary numbers for equality?
Answer : Comparator
45) Technique used for accessing memory locations sequentially?
Answer : Looping
46) Signal that resets a digital circuit to its initial state?
Answer : Reset
47) Register used to keep track of the next instruction address?
Answer : Program
48) Type of error that occurs due to incorrect data transmission?
Answer : Parity
49) The process of performing a logical AND, OR, or XOR operation?
Answer : Bitwise
50) A logic gate that outputs true only if all inputs are true?
Answer : AND
51) Memory type that is used to store the BIOS in a computer?
Answer : ROM
52) Component responsible for performing addition and subtraction in the CPU?
Answer : ALU
53) Number system commonly used in digital circuits besides binary and hexadecimal?
Answer : Octal
54) Device used to multiplex multiple data sources onto a single line?
Answer : Multiplexer
55) Type of storage device that uses flash memory?
Answer : SSD
56) Operation that shifts bits to the right, filling in zeros from the left?
Answer : Shift
57) The high-speed memory between the CPU and main memory?
Answer : Cache
58) Primary circuit used to control access to memory and I/O devices?
Answer : Bus
59) Basic unit of data transmission in serial communication?
Answer : Bit
60) Component that temporarily stores data being transferred to/from the CPU?
Answer : Buffer
61) Logical operation where output is true if inputs are different?
Answer : XOR
62) Type of memory that provides the fastest data access?
Answer : Register
63) Method used to represent signed numbers in binary?
Answer : Two's complement
64) The type of circuit that retains its output after the input changes?
Answer : Latch
65) Device used to convert digital signals to analog signals?
Answer : DAC
66) Hardware used to divide the clock frequency in digital circuits?
Answer : Divider
67) Term used to describe the smallest unit of a digital image?
Answer : Pixel
68) Gate that outputs true if none of its inputs are true?
Answer : NOR
69) Memory technique that speeds up CPU performance using prediction?
Answer : Caching
70) Process of loading instructions and data into memory for execution?
Answer : Loading
71) Type of circuit used for adding binary numbers?
Answer : Adder
72) Hardware used for error detection and correction in memory?
Answer : ECC
73) The binary representation for the decimal number 15?
Answer: 1111
74) Component used for counting pulses in digital systems?
Answer : Counter
75) Term for storing multiple data elements in a linear arrangement?
Answer : Array
76) Device used to demultiplex a single input into multiple outputs?
Answer : Demux
77) A memory location that temporarily holds a value for the CPU?
Answer : Register
78) Circuit used to detect a specific combination of binary inputs?
Answer : Decoder
79) Logical circuit used for shifting data in registers?
Answer : Shifter
80) Memory location used to hold the address of the next instruction?
Answer : PC
81) The clock signal in digital circuits is typically a square ____?
Answer : Wave
82) Component used to perform subtraction operations in the ALU?
Answer : Subtractor
83) Memory type used to store frequently accessed data close to the CPU?
Answer : Cache
84) Operation that combines multiple binary numbers using logical OR?
Answer : Bitwise
85) The base of the binary number system?
Answer : 2
86) Circuit that performs addition with carry in binary numbers?
Answer : Full-adder
87) Primary storage device that stores data magnetically?
Answer : HDD
88) Hardware used to implement parallel to serial data conversion?
Answer : Serializer
89) The smallest unit of information in computing?
Answer : Bit
90) Technique used to compress the size of data for transmission?
Answer : Encoding
91) Circuit that generates an output when inputs are all zero?
Answer : NAND
92) Component that generates a sequence of addresses for memory access?
Answer : Sequencer
93) Type of storage that retains data after the power is off?
Answer : Non-volatile
94) Gate used to invert a binary input signal?
Answer : NOT
95) The number of transistors in a logic gate typically determines its?
Answer : Speed
96) Component that temporarily stores an instruction during execution?
Answer : Register
97) Logical operation that outputs true only if all inputs are false?
Answer : NOR
98) What is the primary purpose of a flip-flop in digital circuits?
Answer : Data storage
99) Which type of memory is non-volatile?
Answer : ROM (Read Only Memory)
100) Which addressing mode uses the operand to directly specify the address of the data?
Answer : Direct Addressing Mode