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Quiz based on Digital Principles and Computer Organization

1) Base of hexadecimal number system? Answer : 16 2) Universal gate in digital logic? Answer : NAND 3) Memory type that is non-volatile? Answer : ROM 4) Basic building block of digital circuits? Answer : Gate 5) Device used for data storage in sequential circuits? Answer : Flip-flop 6) Architecture with shared memory for instructions and data? Answer : von Neumann 7) The smallest unit of data in computing? Answer : Bit 8) Unit that performs arithmetic operations in a CPU? Answer : ALU 9) Memory faster than main memory but smaller in size? Answer : Cache 10) System cycle that includes fetch, decode, and execute? Answer : Instruction 11) Type of circuit where output depends on present input only? Answer : Combinational 12) The binary equivalent of decimal 10? Answer : 1010 13) Memory used for high-speed temporary storage in a CPU? Answer : Register 14) Method of representing negative numbers in binary? Answer : Two's complement 15) Gate that inverts its input signal? Answer : NOT 16)...

ECONOMICS

INTRODUCTION:
          The origin of the term 'economics' lies in the Greek words Oiken and nomos which means 'laws of households'.
          According to Alfred Marshall, economics is the study of mankind in the ordinary business of life.
          According to Lionel Robbins, economics is a social science concerned with allocation of scarce resources among competing ends.
          In modern meaning economics renders help in various matters of decision making like
a) Production decision : What to produce?
                                          How to produce?
b) Exchange decision : What price to                                                     charge?
                                         Whom to sell?
c) Consumption decision : What to                                                             consume?
                                               How much to                                                    consume?
CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMICS:
          Ragnar Firsch has classified economic into two broad categories
1. Micro Economics
2. Macro Economics
Micro Economics:
          The term micro have been derived from the Greek words Mikros which means 'small' Micro economics deals with behaviour of individuals for example that of a consumer or a producer or a market.
Macro Economics:
          The term Macro have been derived from the Greek words Makros which mean 'Large'. Macro economics deals with the behaviour of aggregates for example national income, agricultural output, industrial output, total employment and unemployment etc.
SCOPE OF ECONOMICS:
          The scope of economics means the limits of the subject matter of economics. Economics studies how wealth is produced, distributed, exchanged and consumed. So the scope of economics is broadly classified as under
a) Consumption:
          Satisfaction of human wants is called Consumption. This explains how people behave in consumption of goods and services inorder to maximise their satisfaction.
b) Production:
          Goods and services have to be produced with the help of factors of production. Production is another branch of economic.
c) Exchange:
          Goods and services cannot be produced at one place or at one point of time. Goods produced by one are exchanged for the goods produced by the other.
d) Distribution:
          Goods and services produced have to be paid for or rewarded. i.e) The land gets rent, labour gets wage, Capital gets interest and the organizer gets profit.
e) Public finance: 
          This branch of study in economics studies about the sources of revenue to the government and the principles governing the expenditure for the benefit of the people.

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