Quantum Computing – The Next Tech Revolution Technology has evolved rapidly over the last few decades—from bulky mainframe computers to powerful smartphones in our pockets. Yet, despite these advances, traditional computers are approaching their physical limits. This is where quantum computing enters the scene, promising to revolutionize the way we process information and solve complex problems. What Is Quantum Computing? Quantum computing is a new paradigm of computing that uses the principles of quantum mechanics, a branch of physics that explains how matter and energy behave at the smallest scales. Unlike classical computers, which use bits that represent either 0 or 1, quantum computers use qubits. Qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to a property called superposition. Additionally, qubits can be interconnected through entanglement, allowing them to share information instantaneously. These unique properties give quantum computers immense computational power....
DEAD LOCKS
System Model
● For the purposes of deadlock discussion, a system can be modeled as a collection of limited resources, which can be splitted into different classes, to be allocated to a number of processes, each having different needs.
● Resource classes may adds memory, printers, CPUs, open files, tape drives, CD-ROMS, etc.
● By definition, all the resources within a classification are equivalent, and a request of this category can be equally satisfied by any one of the resources in that category. If this is not the instance ( i.e. if there is some difference between the resources within a class ), then that class needs to be
further divided into separate categories. For example, "printers" may require to be separated into "laser printers" and "color inkjet printers".
● Some classification may have a single resource.
● In normal performance a process must request a resource before using it, and release it when it is complete, in the following sequence:
1. Request - If the request cannot be immediately allowed, then the process must wait until the resource(s) it needs become available. Example: system calls open( ), malloc( ), new( ), and request( ).
2. Use - The process make use of the resource.
Example: prints to the printer or reads from the file.
3. Release - The process relinquishes the resource. so that it becomes obtainable for other processes.
Example:close( ) free( ) delete( ) and release( ).
● For all kernel-managed resources, the kernel keeps trace of what resources are free and which are allocated, to which process they are allocated, and a queue of processes waiting for this resource
to become available. Application-managed resources can be controlled utilize mutexes or wait( ) and signal( ) calls, ( i.e. binary or counting semaphores. )
● A group of processes is deadlocked when every process in the group is waiting for a resource that is presently assignedto another process in the group (and which can only be freed when that other
waiting process makes progress. )