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Smart Grids and Energy Storage Systems

Smart Grids and Energy Storage Systems: Powering the Future of Energy In today’s rapidly evolving energy landscape, the push towards sustainability, efficiency, and reliability is stronger than ever. Traditional power grids, though robust in their time, are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of a modern, digital, and environmentally conscious society. This is where smart grids and energy storage systems (ESS) come into play — revolutionizing how electricity is generated, distributed, and consumed. What is a Smart Grid? A smart grid is an advanced electrical network that uses digital communication, automation, and real-time monitoring to optimize the production, delivery, and consumption of electricity. Unlike conventional grids, which operate in a one-way flow (from generation to end-user), smart grids enable a two-way flow of information and energy. Key Features of Smart Grids: Real-time monitoring of power usage and quality. Automated fault detection and rapid restoration. Int...

Basic data types

BASIC DATA TYPES
Data type defines the group of values that a data item can take and the operations that can be performed on the item. C language provides four basic data types. Below table lists the data types, their size, range, and usage for a C programmer.
The char data type is of one byte and is used to store single characters. Note that C does not give any data type for storing text. This is because text is made up of individual characters.You might have been surprised to see that the range of char is given as –128 to 127. char is used to store characters not numbers, so why this range? The answer is that in the memory, characters are stored in the form of ASCII codes. For example, the character ‘A’ has the ASCII code of value 65. In memory we will not store ‘A’ but stored as 65 (in binary number format). 

Table: Basic data types in c
In addition, C also supports four modifiers two sign specifiers (signed andunsigned) and two size specifiers (short and long). Table below shows the variants of basic data types.
Table: Basic data types and their variants
While the smaller data types take less memory, the larger data types incur a performance penalty. Although the data type we use for our variables does not have a big impact on the speed or memory usage of the application, we should always try to use int unless there is a need to use 
any other data type.

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