1) Base of hexadecimal number system? Answer : 16 2) Universal gate in digital logic? Answer : NAND 3) Memory type that is non-volatile? Answer : ROM 4) Basic building block of digital circuits? Answer : Gate 5) Device used for data storage in sequential circuits? Answer : Flip-flop 6) Architecture with shared memory for instructions and data? Answer : von Neumann 7) The smallest unit of data in computing? Answer : Bit 8) Unit that performs arithmetic operations in a CPU? Answer : ALU 9) Memory faster than main memory but smaller in size? Answer : Cache 10) System cycle that includes fetch, decode, and execute? Answer : Instruction 11) Type of circuit where output depends on present input only? Answer : Combinational 12) The binary equivalent of decimal 10? Answer : 1010 13) Memory used for high-speed temporary storage in a CPU? Answer : Register 14) Method of representing negative numbers in binary? Answer : Two's complement 15) Gate that inverts its input signal? Answer : NOT 16)
INTRODUCTION
The programming language ‘C’ was developed by Dennis Ritchie in the early 1970s at Bell Laboratories. Although C was first developed for writing system software, today it has become such a famous language that a various of software programs are written using this language. The main advantage of using C for programming is that it can be easily used on different types of computers. Many other programming languages such as C++ and Java are also based on C which means that you will be able to learn them easily in the future. Today, C is mostly used with the UNIX operating system.
Structure of a C program
A C program contains one or more functions, where a function is defined as a group of statements that perform a well-defined task.The program defines the structure of a C program. The statements in a function are written in a logical series to perform a particular task. The most important function is the main() function and is a part of every C program. Rather, the execution of a C program starts with this function. From the structure given below, we can conclude that a C program can have any number of functions depending on the tasks that have to be performed, and each function can have any number of statements arranged according to specific meaningful sequence.
Note that programmers can choose any function name for functions. It is not compulsory to write Function1, Function2, etc., with an exception that every program must contain one function that has its name as main().
Structure of a C program
main()
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
............
Statement N;
}
Function1()
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
Statement N;
}
Function2()
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
Statement N;
}
FunctionN()
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
Statement N;
}