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Quiz based on Digital Principles and Computer Organization

1) Base of hexadecimal number system? Answer : 16 2) Universal gate in digital logic? Answer : NAND 3) Memory type that is non-volatile? Answer : ROM 4) Basic building block of digital circuits? Answer : Gate 5) Device used for data storage in sequential circuits? Answer : Flip-flop 6) Architecture with shared memory for instructions and data? Answer : von Neumann 7) The smallest unit of data in computing? Answer : Bit 8) Unit that performs arithmetic operations in a CPU? Answer : ALU 9) Memory faster than main memory but smaller in size? Answer : Cache 10) System cycle that includes fetch, decode, and execute? Answer : Instruction 11) Type of circuit where output depends on present input only? Answer : Combinational 12) The binary equivalent of decimal 10? Answer : 1010 13) Memory used for high-speed temporary storage in a CPU? Answer : Register 14) Method of representing negative numbers in binary? Answer : Two's complement 15) Gate that inverts its input signal? Answer : NOT 16)

Identifiers and Keywords

IDENTIFIERS AND KEYWORDS
Every word in a C program is either a keyword or an identifier.

Identifiers
Identifiers are normally names given to program elements such as variables, 
arrays, and functions. They are grouped by using a sequence of letters (both uppercase and lowercase), numerals, and underscores.
Following are the rules for creating identifier names:
* Identifiers cannot adds any special characters or punctuation marks 
(like #, $, ^, ?, ., etc.) except the underscore “_”.
* There cannot be two successive underscores.
* Keywords cannot be used as identifiers.
* The case of alphabetic characters that make the identifier name is significant. For example, ‘FIRST’ is different from ‘First’ and ‘first’.
* Identifiers must start with an underscope or a letter. However, use of underscore as the first character must be ignored because several complier-defined identifiers in the standard C library have underscore as their first character. So, inadvertently copied names may cause definition incampatibility .
* Identifiers can be of any reasonable length. They should not has more than 31 characters. (They can actually be longer than 31, but the compiler looks at only the first 31 characters of the name.)

Keywords 
Like every computer language, C has a set of reserved words they are known as keywords that cannot be used as an identifier. All keywords are normally a series of characters that have a fixed meaning. By compact, all keywords must be written in lower case letters. 

Keywords in C language
auto, break, case, char, const, continue,      default, do, double, else, enum, extern, float, for, goto, if, int, long, register, return, short, signed, sizeof, static, struct, switch, typedef, union, unsigned, void, volatile, while

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