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Quiz based on Digital Principles and Computer Organization

1) Base of hexadecimal number system? Answer : 16 2) Universal gate in digital logic? Answer : NAND 3) Memory type that is non-volatile? Answer : ROM 4) Basic building block of digital circuits? Answer : Gate 5) Device used for data storage in sequential circuits? Answer : Flip-flop 6) Architecture with shared memory for instructions and data? Answer : von Neumann 7) The smallest unit of data in computing? Answer : Bit 8) Unit that performs arithmetic operations in a CPU? Answer : ALU 9) Memory faster than main memory but smaller in size? Answer : Cache 10) System cycle that includes fetch, decode, and execute? Answer : Instruction 11) Type of circuit where output depends on present input only? Answer : Combinational 12) The binary equivalent of decimal 10? Answer : 1010 13) Memory used for high-speed temporary storage in a CPU? Answer : Register 14) Method of representing negative numbers in binary? Answer : Two's complement 15) Gate that inverts its input signal? Answer : NOT 16)

Algorithm

ALGORITHMS
The typical definition of algorithm is ‘a formally defined procedure for performing some calculation’. If a procedure is formally defined, then it can be implemented using a formal language, and such a language is known as a programming language. In general terms, an algorithm provides a blueprint to write a program to solve a particular problem. It is considered to be an effective procedure for solving a problem in finite number of steps. That is, a well-defined algorithm always provides an answer and is guaranteed to terminate.
Algorithms are mainly used to achieve software reuse. Once we have an idea or a blueprint of a solution, we can implement it in any high-level language like C, C++, or Java.
An algorithm is basically a set of instructions that solve a problem. It is not uncommon to have multiple algorithms to tackle the same problem, but the choice of a particular algorithm must depend on the time and space complexity of the algorithm.

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