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Quiz based on Digital Principles and Computer Organization

1) Base of hexadecimal number system? Answer : 16 2) Universal gate in digital logic? Answer : NAND 3) Memory type that is non-volatile? Answer : ROM 4) Basic building block of digital circuits? Answer : Gate 5) Device used for data storage in sequential circuits? Answer : Flip-flop 6) Architecture with shared memory for instructions and data? Answer : von Neumann 7) The smallest unit of data in computing? Answer : Bit 8) Unit that performs arithmetic operations in a CPU? Answer : ALU 9) Memory faster than main memory but smaller in size? Answer : Cache 10) System cycle that includes fetch, decode, and execute? Answer : Instruction 11) Type of circuit where output depends on present input only? Answer : Combinational 12) The binary equivalent of decimal 10? Answer : 1010 13) Memory used for high-speed temporary storage in a CPU? Answer : Register 14) Method of representing negative numbers in binary? Answer : Two's complement 15) Gate that inverts its input signal? Answer : NOT 16)...

Type conversion and typecasting

TYPE CONVERSION AND TYPECASTING
Type conversion or typecasting of variables refers to converting a variable of one data type into another. While type conversion is done implicitly, casting has to be finish explicitly by the programmer. 
We will discuss both these concepts here.
Type Conversion
Type conversion is finish when the expression has variables of different data types. So to calculate the expression, the data type is upgrade from lower to higher level where the hierarchy of data types can be given as: double, float, long, int, short, and char. For example, type conversion 
is automatically done when we assign an integer value to a floating point variable. Consider the following code:
float x;
int y = 3;
x = y;
Now, x = 3.0, as integer value is automatically converted into its same floating point representation.
Typecasting
Typecasting is also known as forced conversion. It is complete when the value of one data type has to be converted into the value of another data type. The code to perform typecasting can be given as:
float salary = 10000.00;
int sal;
sal = (int) salary;
When floating point numbers are converted to integers, the digits after the decimal are truncated. Therefore, data is lost when floating point representations are converted to integral representations.
As we can see in the code, typecasting can be done by placing the destination data type in parentheses followed by the variable name that has to be converted. Hence, we conclude that typecasting is done to make a variable of one data type to act like a variable of another type.
Programming Example
Write a program to convert an integer into the corresponding floating point number.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
float f_num;
int i_num;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter any integer: ");
scanf("%d", &i_num);
f_num = (float)i_num;
printf("\n The floating point variant of %d is = %f", i_num, f_num);
return 0;
}
Output
Enter any integer: 56
The floating point variant of 56 is = 56.000000

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