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Quiz based on Digital Principles and Computer Organization

1) Base of hexadecimal number system? Answer : 16 2) Universal gate in digital logic? Answer : NAND 3) Memory type that is non-volatile? Answer : ROM 4) Basic building block of digital circuits? Answer : Gate 5) Device used for data storage in sequential circuits? Answer : Flip-flop 6) Architecture with shared memory for instructions and data? Answer : von Neumann 7) The smallest unit of data in computing? Answer : Bit 8) Unit that performs arithmetic operations in a CPU? Answer : ALU 9) Memory faster than main memory but smaller in size? Answer : Cache 10) System cycle that includes fetch, decode, and execute? Answer : Instruction 11) Type of circuit where output depends on present input only? Answer : Combinational 12) The binary equivalent of decimal 10? Answer : 1010 13) Memory used for high-speed temporary storage in a CPU? Answer : Register 14) Method of representing negative numbers in binary? Answer : Two's complement 15) Gate that inverts its input signal? Answer : NOT 16)...

Functions

FUNCTIONS
C enables its programmers to break up a program into segments commonly known as functions, each of which can be written more or less independently of the others. Every function in the program is supposed to perform a well-defined task. Therefore, the program code of one function 
is completely insulated from the other functions.
Every function interfaces to the outside world in terms of how information is transferred to it and how results generated by the function are transmitted back from it. This interface is basically specified by the function name. For example, look 
at below figure which explains how the main() function calls another function to perform a well-defined task.
Fig: main() calls func1()
In the figure, we can see that main() calls a function named func1(). Therefore, main() is known as the calling function and func1() is known as the called function. The moment the compiler 
encounters a function call, the control jumps to the statements that are a part of the called function. 
After the called function is executed, the control is returned to the calling program.
The main() function can call as many functions as it wants and as many times as it wants. For example, a function call placed within a for loop, while loop, or do–while loop may call the same function multiple times till the condition holds true.
Not only main(), any function can call any other function. For example, look at below figure which shows one function calling another, and the other function in turn calling some other function.
Fig : function calling another function

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